Imagine that right now, as you read this article, humans are being transferred from one place to another, from one owner to another, for some sort of exploitation, usually forced labor or prostitution.
Some questions emerge – how does human trafficking work? What are the routes of trafficking? What are the origin countries and the destinations? What are the prices per person or the price of a group of people who have been the victims of human trafficking?
Human trafficking – Where does it happen?
It is reasonable to believe that human trafficking mostly occurs between countries, as poverty is one of the main reasons for trafficking. Yes, there are many victims who are being trafficked into wealthier countries, mainly into the United States and European countries. However, the myth of human trafficking abroad is not completely correct. There is a high number of human trafficking trades inside the borders of a country, in particular in India, China, Russia, Iran, and various African countries. It is estimated that 18 million people are being trafficked in India alone.
As you can see in the map below and according to other sources, the main countries of origin for human trafficking are Russia, China, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Thailand, Laos, Burma, Iran, Belarus, the Democratic Republic of Congo, North Korea, Venezuela, Cuba, Bolivia, Syria, Sudan and Zimbabwe.
When it comes to the overall number of slavery through human trafficking around the world, there are estimations of between 20 to 50 million people worldwide who are enslaved.
The price of human trafficking victims
OK, it’s quite shocking, but the global average cost of a human trafficking victim is around $90. (Source: freethaslaves.net). Of course, the global average is for poor countries such as India and China, which pulls down the average price. Still, prices vary based on the location and the sort of exploitation. In some countries, captors can earn a high profit on some of their victims. A quick search on Havocscope, a website that reveals global black market information, presents some of the prices for human trafficking victims:
- Babies in China:$7,800
- Babies in Indonesia:$160 to $250
- Children in Ghana:$50 to parent, then $300 to a trafficker
- Children in India:$45, versus $350 for Buffalo
- Children in Mali:$600 for child soldier
- Children in Thailand:$25 typical price to “rent” a child beggar
- Children in the United Kingdom:$25,000
- Girl in India:$24
- Girls from Romania:$3,000 to $6,000
- Girls in Bangladesh:$250
- Girls in Kenya:$600 for Girls between the age of 10 to 15
- Girls from Mozambique:$2
- A person in Canada:$4,879 paid by a pimp to a trafficker
- Roma Child Bride:$270,000
- Teenage girls in Iraq:$5,000 for Virgins, $2.500 for Non-Virigns
- Teenage girls in Ontario, Canada:$5,989 for a girl from Quebec
- Virgin Child in Cambodia:$500 to $800
- Virgin Girl in Medellin, Colombia:$2,600 in an online auction
- Women from North Korea (by age):$1,066 (20s), $761 (30s), $457 (40s)
- Women from Vietnam to China:$11,800 to purchase a wife
The cost of slaves today is also the lowest throughout history. According to humancost.info, a male slave in ancient Egypt cost was $32,000, a gladiator in the Roman Empire was worth $2,080 and the price of a ten years old boy in America in 1850 was $8,100. Relatively, globalization had decreased prices significantly and the price of babies in Indonesia today varies from $160-$250.
Types of human trafficking
- Sex Exploitation and Prostitution
- Children and Babies Trafficking
- Militarizing Children
- Forced Labor
- Organs Trade
- Forced Marriage Trafficking
So, how does human trafficking work?
Unlike the ancient days, when slavery is visualized with slaves in chains and uniforms, those who are considered to be enslaved in our days can be common people and hard to trace.
As mentioned above, there are many types of human trafficking, but two of them are the most common. Sex and Labor.
How does it actually work? Human traffickers use fraudulent methods to capture the victims and to traffick them. Then, they continue with force and intimidation to keep the victims under control. There are many ways it can be done. In poor countries, human traffickers approach parents who cannot feed their children and promise them to provide basic needs and a better life for their kids. Those parents who cannot afford food, clothing, and shelter for their children deliver the kids and fall into the trap. From that point, the children are under the traffickers’ needs – sex exploitation, organ donation, soldiering children (mostly in Africa), and the labor force.
For some women, the false advertisement can lead to trafficking – a woman can find a job offer in another location through advertisements or friends, but once she arrives at the place, traffickers force her to provide sex services in order to pay them back the ticket price.
In war zone areas, in particular in Africa and in Syria (since the civil war started), kidnapping children and militarizing them is another method of trafficking.
Traffickers are aware of the weakness of some groups in a population, whether a poor economic situation or social codes that cannot be broken in some areas. They take advantage of these populations and use unjustified ways to manipulate the victims. Once the victims are enslaved by the traffickers, captors threaten and implement fear in the victims’ lives to maintain their exploitation.
How can we stop human trafficking?
Not such an easy task. We can throw some slogans in the air, but the truth is that preventing human trafficking might be an impossible mission. There is no global control and regulation to share information and intelligence to fight traffickers (same as the war on terror). On the other hand, traffickers use sophisticated ways and constantly evolve to get away from punishment.
However, there are some things that can be done to decrease human trafficking and punish those who are involved in the business.
- One way to approach human trafficking is to break the demand-supply chain. It is easier said than done, but it is similar to the Nordic model ideology.
- Form international laws.
- Share information between countries and intelligence agencies.
- Increase awareness in third-world countries and poor areas.
- Increase punishment versus children’s sexual use of any kind.
The Nordic model
The Nordic model was first legislated in Sweden in 1999. The legislation approaches those who demand sex services or those who are trafficking sex workers. The legislation, so far, proved itself (at least in some countries) as an effective method.
The Nordic model was adopted in Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Northern Ireland, Canada, France, and Ireland.
